Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is a treatment option for many people with autoimmune diseases. IVIG can be a treatment for myasthenia gravis (MG). However, this treatment is associated with certain risks and side effects.1,2
What is IVIG?
IVIG is an infusion of human antibodies obtained from healthy individuals. Antibodies are proteins that your body uses to fight infections.1,2
Autoimmune diseases are caused by an overactive immune system attacking the body’s own healthy cells. Experts do not know exactly how IVIG works for autoimmune diseases. But it is possible that the antibodies from IVIG overwhelm the immune system, preventing the immune system from attacking healthy cells.1,2
IVIG is typically only used for a short term in people with MG. It may treat people during a crisis, or help them prepare for surgery. A doctor would likely only prescribe IVIG for long-term use if other treatments have not worked.1,2
What are the side effects of IVIG?
IVIG has a risk of side effects that can be unpleasant for some people. Side effects are more likely if you receive IVIG regularly or receive large doses. Possible side effects of IVIG include:1-3
- Fever or chills
- Flu-like muscle and joint aches
- Tiredness
- Headache
- Nausea or vomiting
IVIG may also make vaccines you receive less effective. This is because the IVIG may prevent your immune system from responding to the vaccine. Vaccines are important for keeping many people safe. You may be able to discuss dose timing with your doctor to limit this.2
In rare cases, some people may have an allergic reaction to IVIG. This is not common, but it can be life-threatening. To prevent this risk, your doctor may suggest that you receive your first dose while being closely monitored for a reaction.2,4
These are not all the possible side effects of IVIG. Talk to your doctor about what to expect when taking IVIG. You also should call your doctor if you have any changes that concern you when taking IVIG.
Is there a risk of serious side effects from IVIG?
IVIG products have a boxed warning, the strictest warning from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They have this warning because they may raise your risk of blood clots or kidney damage. Blood clots can block blood vessels and cause strokes. Kidney damage, in rare cases, can lead to kidney failure.4
These side effects are very serious, but they are also very rare. They only affect about 2 to 6 percent of people who use IVIG. If you are at risk for blood clots or kidney damage, your doctor may take special precautions when giving IVIG.4
How to manage side effects from IVIG
If you need IVIG, you may be able to help prevent side effects. Actions you can take include:1,2
- Drinking lots of water and staying hydrated
- Asking for a slower infusion rate or breaking up larger doses
- Taking pain or fever medicine before receiving IVIG, such as acetaminophen or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as ibuprofen.
If you cannot tolerate IVIG, there may be other options. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIG) also delivers the same healthy antibodies. But with SCIG, the injection goes under the skin, not into a vein. This may cause fewer side effects. Ask your doctor whether IVIG or SCIG is an option for you.2,3
Join the conversation